Abstract: rare metal gallium semiconductor material as a new generation of the silicon after, known as the "backbone of electronic industry". Widely used in smart phone communications, LED lights, solar power, military, medical and other fields. The annual output of primary gallium is very few, the annual output is about 300 tons, of which half of the output is from china. Selenium is a rare metal, the reserves of selenium resources in China is about 16888 tons, ranking fourth in the world. Te is also a rare metal, known as the "modern industry, defense and cutting-edge technology". The content of te in the earth's crust is almost the same as that of gold, and the lowest in the crust. World te annual output is only about 400-600 tons. Telluride cadmium solar battery is te biggest demand in the field, in the "carbon based fuels civilization" to the "solar civilization" over the next few decades, te become one of the very important strategic resources.
Our country from the last century in the late 80 's has been the introduction of amorphous silicon battery technology, but this period of products are single crystalline silicon thin film battery components, product conversion efficiency is only 3%-5%. After entering the 21st century, China's amorphous silicon battery industry entered a period of rapid development. Since 2004, Tianjin can start introduction 2.5MW higher level of technology of micro non iterative cell layer (a-Si/uc-S) production line, Changzhou Yuan Chang, Jiangxi to the shares, Hebei Xinao group, Yantai general photovoltaic, Nantong Johnson & Johnson optoelectronics, Baoding Tianwei Group manufacturers, have announced involved in thin-film solar cell industry, and in 2007 and 2008 set off the wave of thin film solar cell investment fever. In 2009 private clean energy giant hanergy holding group formally enter the field of solar energy, and in Sichuan, Guangdong, Hainan, Zhejiang, Shandong, Jiangsu and other places quickly built thin-film solar industry R & D manufacturing base, till the end of 2012, the total capacity has reach 3gw.
Solar First as the representative of the CdTe technology line, although to achieve the conversion efficiency of polysilicon components, it is still difficult to avoid people's concerns about the impact of Cd pollution and its promotion. In this case, both high conversion rate and low material cost of CIGS is regarded as the most cost-effective thin-film solar cells are highly praised. The world's first CIGS thin film solar cell commercial production of Frontier Solar, the initial conversion rate of 13% in 2007, and now it is more than 15%. 2015 on April 27, German Reutlingen -- Manz group puts forward the excellence of the CIGS thin-film solar modules, 16% conversion efficiency of the components of the breakthrough, again refresh the world record. At this point, Manz successfully expand the new dimension of technology, and further reduce the existing efficiency gap with the current still prevalent polysilicon technology.
At present, the manufacturing thin film solar cell production technology is very much, has been the realization of technology of the production of amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride (CdTe), three kinds of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), in addition to dye sensitization, gallium arsenide, polymer material different thin film solar cell technology.
Rare metal gallium semiconductor material as a new generation of the silicon after, known as the "backbone of electronic industry". Widely used in smart phone communications, LED lights, solar power, military, medical and other fields. The annual output of primary gallium is very few, the annual output is about 300 tons, of which half of the output is from china. Selenium is a rare metal, the reserves of selenium resources in China is about 16888 tons, ranking fourth in the world. Te is also a rare metal, known as the "modern industry, defense and cutting-edge technology". The content of te in the earth's crust is almost the same as that of gold, and the lowest in the crust. World te annual output is only about 400-600 tons. Telluride cadmium solar battery is te biggest demand in the field, in the "carbon based fuels civilization" to the "solar civilization" over the next few decades, te become one of the very important strategic resources.
It is undeniable that China has a unique advantage in the development of CIGS film solar cell industry. First of all, China is the world's largest rare metal indium, gallium resource reserves and production abroad, the materials required for the mass production of the CIGS thin film solar cell can be 100% self-sufficiency; secondly, based on the technical advantages of CIGS downstream in the terminal market performance and the upper reaches of the manufacturing sector, CIGS industrialization outline of the earliest national science and technology ministry listed as "1025" planning photovoltaic, being prepared for the "45" PV planning should be again the CIGS thin film solar cell technology as the future development of China's major science and technology projects.
At present, the related rare varieties of metal indium, gallium, selenium and tellurium have been in the Pan Asia nonferrous metal exchange traded, gallium is China's dominant species, selenium and tellurium production accounted for more advantages. Pan Asian non-ferrous metals exchange, for the development of thin film solar cells provide an important raw material resources, our country's thin-film solar technology need to break through. The development of thin film technology will lead to the consumption of indium, gallium, selenium and te. (Dai Wenji)