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Risks and challenges of China's strategic metal resources
Update Time : 2015-10-19 View : 4407

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Although China's strategic metal protective development system has begun to gradually build, but compared with the developed countries, there is still a big gap in the strategic design, so that China's strategic metal in the international competition in a passive position, facing several major problems:

1 current protection policy is insufficient, lack of strategic top-level design
First, the overall weakness of the strategic planning and design. The developed countries attach great importance to the strategic issues of the relationship between the state and the strategic plan, and insist on the system and mechanism of strategic planning, which can occupy the commanding point of international competition for a long time. China's lack of long-term in-depth follow-up research on the strategic metal mechanism, which is not yet in line with the principles of the market economy, the lack of effective regulation and management, it is difficult to effectively protect the healthy and sustainable development of domestic strategic metals industry.
Two is an important rare metal being sale to harm the interests of the state. Strategic metal resources in the developed countries have an important position in the national reserve. However, due to the lack of sound laws and regulations, China's national reserves are not very clear, and it is difficult to play an important role in the national strategic metal policy system. For example, although China rare earth, tungsten, and is rich in resources, but after a long period of mining, advantage in decline, indium, germanium, gallium, rhenium, beryllium and other associated metal resources consumption soon. A lot of rare metals, such as indium, tungsten, lithium and even been sold, is difficult to guarantee the maximization of state interests in the international division of.
Three is the operability of the relevant policies and measures to improve. Although the relevant departments of the state to implement some of the strategic metal resource exploitation, but the actual operation is not well implemented, even in the national statistical range, the actual annual output of rare earth, tungsten is significantly more than the national mining targets. The relevant departments of the state have developed a relatively strict access threshold for the development of some strategic metal resources, smelting and processing, circulation, import and export, but it is still difficult to stop the blind expansion of production capacity and the vicious competition in the domestic industry.
Four is China's urgent need to develop a strategy for the introduction of metal resources. China has promulgated a number of directory lists, such as "strategic emerging industries directory" (including 34 doors, 152 categories, 470 categories, 7 categories, 322 small classes, a total of 721 products); the main areas of strategic emerging industries; strategic emerging industries, the main technical areas of the directory; strategic emerging industries focus Segment directory. However, the strategic metal mineral resources supporting the development of strategic emerging industries has not yet been put forward, and it is not included in the above industrial directory.
2 developed countries have a high degree of vigilance to China's strategic metal exports
To a large extent, the developed countries on China's rise remain wary, many countries take the government intervention, the protection of legal policy to protect their own interests, coupled with some international organizations actual control in the hands of the hands of the developed countries, the strategic metal face greater political risk.
Some countries protect the so-called "free trade" theory, on the one hand, it is required that other countries can provide them with cheap strategic metals, on the other hand, by restricting the large majority of the strategic metals as "civil military and civilian use" management scope, limiting its free trade. In recent years, the Chinese government has strengthened and improved the management of some of the resources, especially the consumption of resources products, for the implementation of some non-ferrous metals export restrictions. For example, the WTO expert group and the trade arbitration agency simply based on the "WTO Agreement" and other legal documents, so that the results of the left and right trade arbitration, the impact of China's extremely negative.
3 China's strategic metal mineral resources are faced with a greater supply of security risks
The current global economic development on the strategic metal resource demand continues to grow, and the world's important metal resources distribution imbalance, resulting in a small number of countries in the production of mineral resources, trade and market prices continue to strengthen, so that the cost of China's utilization of overseas resources continue to rise, stable supply channels are threatened. In particular, the rise of the international resource nationalism, greatly increasing the cost and risk of the use of overseas resources. In this context, we need to be aware of the world resources situation and our country's economic security risk, and the scarcity of resources should be considered as a strategic priority.
Asia Pacific countries and neighboring countries in China's strategic metal resources in an important position to occupy an important position. By the end of 2012, Asia Pacific and the surrounding countries has become an important supplier of China imported nickel, bauxite and other strategic metal mineral resources. In 2011, 97% of China's imports of nickel from Indonesia and the Philippines, the proportion of the total imports respectively 52% and 45%; from Indonesia and Australia imported bauxite accounted for 78% and 11%; in 2010, 45.3% of the uranium imports from Thailand and Malaysia.
In addition, China's imports of strategic metal mineral ocean shipping line is mainly the three major directions: West India, the Atlantic direction; Oceania direction to the South; to the East Pacific, the Americas, the Atlantic direction. Which to the West and the east route to China's two major ocean trunk. On the whole, China's strategic metal resources import channel is relatively single, the India ocean route group (the Middle East Gulf of Suez canal - China port route) bear most of the oil imports by sea transport. Therefore, peripheral security, geopolitical relations, resource nationalism, as well as strategic channel risk has become an important variable that affects the security of China's strategic metal resources supply.

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