The investment of non-ferrous metals, rare metal and rare metal, metal and rare metal material investment strategy, small metal indium gallium germanium tellurium bismuth antimony selenium cobalt nickel lead copper tungsten molybdenum niobium titanium vanadium praseodymium neodymium and other rare earth metals, rare metals, precious metals gold, silver, platinum, palladium, ruthenium, rhodium and iridium. Investment in physical metal resources, Shenzhen Pan American metal.
One, industrial chain structure diagram
The upstream of the rhenium industry is mainly the rhenium mining industry. Rhenium has very few global reserves, and the price is also very expensive. The downstream is mainly the application area of rhenium. At present, rhenium is mostly used in rhenium alloys. As an alloying element, rhenium can greatly improve and improve the properties of the alloy. Rhenium can form a series of alloys with tungsten, molybdenum, platinum, nickel, thorium, iron, copper and other metals. Rhenium, rhenium, molybdenum and rhenium nickel superalloys are the most important alloys of rhenium, and are widely applied to aerospace, electronics and other industrial sectors.
A sketch map of the upper and lower reaches of the metal rhenium industry
Sources: public data consolidation
Two. Upstream raw materials
Rhenium is a kind of dilute metal. The content of rhenium in the crust is 10^ (-7)%. Rhenium is difficult to be used alone in the minerals such as molybdenum, copper, lead, zinc, platinum, tantalum, niobium, rare earth and other minerals. The raw materials of rhenium with economic value are molybdenite and copper concentrate, of which molybdenite is the main source of rhenium. The content of rhenium in general molybdenite concentrates is between 0.001%-0.031%. But the molybdenum concentrate selected from the porphyry copper mine can reach 0.16% rhenium. In 2006, Russia announced that the Russian National Nonferrous Metal Research Institute experts found abundant reserves of pure rhenium ore in the South Kuril Islands, Iraq turu Pu Island, this is by far the world's first pure rhenium ore found.
Since rhenium is very rare in the earth's crust, a separate rhenium has not been found. Now the world re mining, mainly from the porphyry copper deposits, porphyry copper mining produces byproducts in with relatively rich in molybdenum disulfide (compared to the average level and the crust) of rhenium; at present the highest amount of molybdenum disulfide containing rhenium from Chile porphyry copper deposit, up to 150-200ppm.
According to the data released by the US Geological Survey in 2016, the total output of rhenium in the world is about 46 tons in 2015, which is slightly higher than that of 44.7 tons in 2014. Output has been below 50 tons in recent three years.
2007-2015 years of global rhenium production

Source: United States Geological Survey

The global rhenium resources are mainly distributed in the Americas and Europe. According to the data released by the US Geological Survey in 2015, the global proven reserves of rhenium is about 1100 tons, of which the rhenium proven resource reserves in the US are about 500 tons, and the other countries are 600 tons.
The global resources of rhenium is about 2500 tons, the amount of rhenium resources in Chile is the most abundant, followed by the United States is 1300 tons (390 tons), Russia (310 tons), Kazakhstan (190 tons), Armenia (95 tons), Peru (45 tons) and Canada (32 tons), and a total of rhenium other countries in the world for resources reserves of 91 tons.
Rhenium production and distribution of rhenium in the world
Country
Yield (kg)
Reserves (kilograms)
2014
2015
U.S.A
Eight thousand and five hundred
Eight thousand and five hundred
Three hundred and ninety thousand
Armenia
Three hundred and fifty-one
Three hundred and fifty
Ninety-five thousand
Canada
-
-
Thirty-two thousand
Chile
Twenty-five thousand
Twenty-six thousand
One million and three hundred thousand
China
NA
NA
NA
Kazakhstan
Three hundred
Two hundred
Nineteen thousand
Peru
-
-
Forty-five thousand
poland
Seven thousand and six hundred
Seven thousand and eight hundred
NA
Russia
NA
NA
Three hundred and ten thousand
Uzbekistan
Nine hundred
One thousand
NA
Other countries
Two thousand
Two thousand
Ninety-one thousand
Total
Forty-four thousand and seven hundred
Forty-six thousand
Two million and five hundred thousand
Source: United States Geological Survey
From the global distribution of rhenium reserves, Chile accounted for more than half of the world's rhenium reserves, reaching 52%, followed by the United States, accounting for 15.6%, and the rest of the world accounted for only 32.4% of the total reserves, less than 1/3.
Distribution of rhenium in the world in 2015
Source: United States Geological Survey
The reserves of rhenium resources in China are 237 tons, and 11 rhenium deposits are distributed in Shaanxi (accounting for 44.3% of the total rhenium reserves in China), Heilongjiang (31.6%), Henan (12.7%), Hunan, Hubei, Liaoning, Guangdong, Guizhou and Jiangsu 9 provinces. Rhenium resources in China almost all associated with molybdenum deposit, mainly distributed in Shaanxi, Henan, Luanchuan Jinduicheng molybdenum mine, Jilin Daheishan molybdenum and Heilongjiang Duobaoshan copper (molybdenum) ore deposits, these deposits of rhenium reserves accounted for about 90% of the total reserves of rhenium.
Distribution map of rhenium resources in China
Sources: public data consolidation
Three, downstream
Rhenium is a rare refractory metals, high melting point, high strength and good ductility and excellent mechanical stability, after the melting point of tungsten, as high as 3180 DEG C, rhenium no brittle transition temperature, at high temperature and thermal shock conditions has good creep resistance, suitable for high temperature and strong thermal shock environment, the room temperature tensile strength is more than 1172 MPa, 2200 DEG C can be maintained at more than 48 MPa, far more than other metals. Rhenium has excellent thermal shock resistance at high temperature. The engine nozzle manufactured by rhenium can withstand 100000 thermal fatigue cycles without failure at high temperature of 2200. In addition, rhenium has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Its wear resistance is only inferior to that of metal osmium. It can maintain good chemical inertness for most of the gases except oxygen. It will not be corroded by hot hydrogen and low permeability to hydrogen. Because of its excellent properties, rhenium and its alloys are widely used in petrochemical industry, electronics industry and aerospace industry, and become one of the most important new materials in modern high-tech field.
Application principle and application of metal rhenium
application area
principle
purpose
petrochemical industry
5 electrons in the unsaturable 4D layer are easy to release in the electronic structure of rhenium, while the 2 electrons of the 6S layer are easy.