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Huawei millet is catching up with the semiconductor material
Update Time : 2020-08-04 View : 3245
半导体semiconductor
In recent years, the "arms race" in the mobile phone industry has become increasingly fierce. Every manufacturer is constantly increasing its R & D efforts, hoping that their products can outdo their competitors in terms of performance as long as possible. Consumers can see new technology applications or innovation of old functions on new mobile phones almost every few months.
Among many technologies, charging technology is the core "armament" of this competition. Starting with Huawei's 40W fast charging, Xiaomi, oppo, vivo and other manufacturers have successively launched 44w, 55W, 65W and, more recently, 125w fast charging. Users' lifestyle has gradually changed. It is no longer necessary to charge the battery all night as in the past. It only needs to charge for a short time when washing and gargling every day, which can meet the needs of most of the day. Life is much more convenient.
But at the same time, with the increase of charging power, there are more and more heat dissipation components, filters, fuses, capacitors and other devices, and the volume of the charger is also growing. In the past, the charging head that can be carried in the pocket has a tendency to move closer to bricks in the era of 65W charging.
In the future, the obstacles to the popularization of fast charging may no longer be the safety risks such as charging heating and spontaneous combustion, but the huge volume and heavy weight of the charging head. The development of charging technology has encountered a temporary bottleneck.
However, this bottleneck was quickly broken.
Gan on tuyere
In August last year, Aibo and Beisi released the first 65W gallium nitride charger in the domestic market. Its volume was only about half of that of other manufacturers' 65W chargers, which immediately attracted attention. Since then, the word "Gan" has become a hot word in the digital circle. Soon, oppo followed up with the launch of its own 65W Gan charger, and many third-party manufacturers also launched corresponding products.
Xiaomi also launched this product in January this year. Through Lei Jun, who has a huge network influence, spared no effort to publicize, and the heat of GaN has risen again.
Then, the news of Huawei abandoning American chips in base stations and using "spare tire" Gan RF PA made the hot spot of this new and expensive material no longer limited to the charger industry. Attention to the whole GaN semiconductor industry has begun to rise.
In fact, it's not appropriate to say that gallium nitride is a "upstart". In fact, it has been used in semiconductors as early as 30 years ago. But for various reasons, it has not been widely used in the past, and most people know little about it.
In short, the semiconductor industry has been developing for nearly a century, and has experienced three generations of semiconductor wafer material innovation. The first generation of semiconductors is germanium and silicon; the second generation of semiconductors is represented by gallium arsenide and indium phosphide; the third generation of gallium nitride is the third generation of semiconductor materials, with silicon carbide, zinc oxide, alumina, diamond and so on.
Among them, gallium nitride and silicon carbide are the most popular third generation semiconductor materials, known as the "Gemini" of the third generation semiconductor.
So, what is the progress of the third generation semiconductor compared with the first generation and the second generation semiconductor? The third generation semiconductor is also known as "wide band gap semiconductor". As the name implies, its core advantage lies in the "wide band gap".
Core advantage - Forbidden
First of all, let's talk about the concept of "forbidden band".
Content of junior high school chemistry: whether an object can conduct electricity and whether it is strong or not depends on whether it can produce free flowing electrons and the ability to produce free electrons. The atomic nucleus of metal elements has weak binding ability to outer electrons, so it is a good conductor; the atomic nucleus of non-metallic elements has strong binding capacity for outer electrons, so the outer electrons can not flow freely and become insulators.
The semiconductor is between the two - it does not conduct electricity, but under certain conditions, such as doping, it can conduct electricity.
In a solid, the electrons outside the atom will be divided into different energy levels. When the interaction between atoms causes the energy level to move, a group of energy levels with little difference is produced, that is, the energy band. The filled energy band is called full band, and the highest energy band is called valence band. Since it is already full of electrons, the electrons in the valence band can be considered to be non-conductive.
Going up from the valence band is the band that is not filled. Because the band is almost empty, the electron can move freely. This band is the conduction band. Between the conduction band and the valence band is the forbidden band. In other words, the band gap is the energy required for an electron to "break" from the valence band to the conduction band.
For example, a full band is like a road a full of electrons in a semiconductor. The guide band is an empty road B next to it. The forbidden band is the trench between highway a and highway B, and the price band is the lane on highway a closest to highway B.
If the trench is too wide, the electron can't jump from highway a to highway B, and the traffic will be completely paralyzed. This is the insulator. If the ditch is very narrow, the electron can easily walk onto Highway B, and the traffic will be smooth immediately. This is metal. Semiconductors build a bridge between highway a and highway B to realize electronic controllable movement.
From this we can know that the band gap of semiconductors should not be too narrow, otherwise only a small amount of energy is needed to make all electrons move freely. A semiconductor becomes a conductor, and the current on it is no longer controllable.
More importantly, this situation is irreversible. After all the electrons become free electrons, the chemical bond is broken and the material itself is denatured. Once the bond breaks, it forms a new bond with other atoms in the environment, such as oxygen, and is no longer a crystal.
On the contrary, ban

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