Renewable non-ferrous metal industry plays an important supporting role in resource guarantee, sustainable development, energy conservation and environmental protection, carbon peak and carbon neutralization of China's non-ferrous metal industry“ During the 14th Five Year Plan period, China focused on building a new development pattern with domestic large cycle as the main body and domestic and international double cycles promoting each other, and accelerated the establishment and improvement of a green and low-carbon circular development economic system. The nonferrous metal industry plans to reach the carbon peak in 2025, and the renewable nonferrous metal industry is facing historic opportunities.
Utilization of key waste nonferrous metals in China during the 13th Five Year Plan Period
Renewable non-ferrous metal industry plays an important supporting role in resource guarantee, sustainable development, energy conservation and environmental protection, carbon peak and carbon neutralization of China's non-ferrous metal industry“ During the 14th Five Year Plan period, China focused on building a new development pattern with domestic large cycle as the main body and domestic and international double cycles promoting each other, and accelerated the establishment and improvement of a green and low-carbon circular development economic system. The nonferrous metal industry plans to reach the carbon peak in 2025, and the renewable nonferrous metal industry is facing historic opportunities.
Effect of restructuring, transformation and upgrading of recycled Nonferrous Metals Industry
Since the 13th five year plan, with the continuous promotion of the supply side structural reform of the non-ferrous metal industry, China's renewable non-ferrous metal industry has entered a period of obvious structural adjustment, significant improvement in technical level and quality benefits, and the effectiveness of energy conservation and emission reduction. It has reached a new level in terms of total scale, raw material structure, transformation and upgrading, industrial layout, international cooperation, energy conservation and emission reduction.
The scale of the industry continues to grow, and the output value has reached a record high“ During the 13th Five Year Plan period, China's output of recycled non-ferrous metals reached 69.17 million tons, accounting for 40% of the cumulative output since the founding of new China, and the proportion of China's total output of non-ferrous metals remained stable at about 25%. In 2020, China's output of recycled non-ferrous metals will reach 14.5 million tons, including 3.25 million tons of recycled copper, accounting for 32.4% of the output of refined copper; The output of recycled aluminum is 7.4 million tons, accounting for 20% of the aluminum output; 2.4 million tons of recycled lead, accounting for 37.25% of the lead output. In 2020, the direct industrial output value will be about 375 billion yuan, an increase of 13% over 2016 and 35% over the initial stage of the 12th Five Year Plan.
The structure of both foreign and domestic raw materials is increasingly optimized. By accelerating the construction of recycling system, recycled non-ferrous metal raw materials gradually show a good pattern of "focusing on domestic raw materials and supplemented by imported raw materials"“ During the 13th Five Year Plan period, China's domestic recycled raw materials (metals) accumulated more than 55 million tons. The imported raw materials show the characteristics of "quantity degradation and quality improvement". The import volume (physical volume) has decreased from 5.28 million tons in 2016 to 1.98 million tons in 2020. At the same time, the quality of recycled copper and aluminum raw materials has been significantly improved, and the copper content of imported raw materials has increased from 50% in 2016 to 90% in 2020.
The level of technology and equipment has been continuously improved, and the industrial concentration has increased steadily. The technological equipment of some enterprises has reached the international level, and the first set of international recycled aluminum ash treatment production line has been put into operation; The application of digital automation is accelerating, and the information platform and electronic system process of some renewable non-ferrous metal enterprises have basically achieved full coverage of core business. Relying on the construction of national urban mineral demonstration bases and circular economy demonstration parks, all localities have made positive progress in the scale and standardization of enterprises. The processing capacity of single enterprises for large recycled copper exceeds 500000 tons / year, the processing capacity of large recycled aluminum exceeds 300000 tons, and the processing capacity of large waste lead-acid batteries exceeds 900000 tons / year.
International cooperation has been deepened and going global has become more active and promising. As one belt, one road and another one is gradually being developed, a number of non-ferrous metal enterprises have been going out and working together in Laos, Indonesia, Thailand and Malaysia to build industrial parks. Enterprises have gradually extended from resource cooperation to park construction, technical equipment cooperation, logistics service cooperation, and become local builders. At the same time, the cooperation between China's renewable non-ferrous metal enterprises and developed countries such as Europe and the United States in raw material acquisition, production base construction and technology introduction has been further consolidated and deepened.
Resource and environmental benefits and industrial chain coordination are increasingly strengthened. Compared with the production of the same amount of primary metals, during the 13th Five Year Plan period, China's renewable non-ferrous metal industry saved at least more than 1.2 billion tons of raw ore, 144 million tons of standard coal, 9.6 billion cubic meters of water, 8.15 billion tons of solid waste and 2.5 million tons of sulfur dioxide. The carbon emission of recycled aluminum is only about 2.7% of that of electrolytic aluminum. Compared with the production of the same amount of electrolytic aluminum, the carbon dioxide emission of recycled aluminum in China will be 80.66 million tons less in 2020. The coordinated development of recycled non-ferrous metal industry and upstream and downstream industrial chains has been continuously strengthened. More and more primary metal production enterprises and processing enterprises have extended to the field of recycled non-ferrous metals, forming a new pattern of "primary + regeneration" coordinated development.
There is great room for improvement and will face unconventional leapfrog development“ The 14th Five Year Plan period is a window period and an opportunity period for the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure of renewable non-ferrous metals. According to the preliminary calculation of the renewable metals branch, China's non-ferrous metal consumption has reached 700 million tons since the founding of new China. At present, it has entered the scrap peak, and the resource holdings of domestic renewable copper and aluminum raw materials are about 140 million tons and 300 million tons respectively. It is estimated that the output of recycled non-ferrous metals will reach 20 million tons in 2025, including 4 million tons of recycled copper, 11.5 million tons of recycled aluminum, 3 million tons of recycled lead and 1.5 million tons of recycled zinc. Given that expanding the utilization of recycled non-ferrous metals is an important starting point for the non-ferrous metal industry to achieve the carbon peak in advance, it is expected that the output of recycled non-ferrous metals will exceed 20 million tons in 2025. In addition, in 2020, the proportion of recycled copper and aluminum in the output of copper and aluminum in the United States exceeded 50% and 70% respectively, and 100% of lead in the United States and aluminum in Japan have been supplied by recycled metal raw materials. In contrast, China's recycled non-ferrous metal industry still has great room for improvement.
Difficulties and blocking points restricting industrial development
In the new development stage, although China's recycled non-ferrous metal industry has made great progress and has the development foundation from big to strong, there are still some institutional and basic problems to be solved urgently.
Industry classification needs to be further clarified and standardized. China's current industrial classification of national economy (GB / t4754-2017), classification of strategic emerging industries (2018) and green industry guidance catalogue (2019 Edition) include the scrap metal recycling industry, but the names of the categories involved in the recycling of recycled non-ferrous metals in the three catalogues are inconsistent, As a result, some policies cannot be accurately targeted at the renewable non-ferrous metal industry when implemented.
Industrial policies need to be further optimized. According to the catalogue of preferential value-added tax on products and services for comprehensive utilization of resources, renewable non-ferrous metal enterprises can enjoy a 30% preferential value-added tax refund upon collection, but the scope of the catalogue is narrow. Taking recycled aluminum as an example, in addition to the raw materials listed in the current catalogue, enterprises will also use other aluminum containing wastes in production, such as waste hardware, waste building aluminum formwork, process surplus materials of factory aluminum products, etc, Relevant enterprises do not enjoy preferential treatment.
The raw material guarantee system needs to be further strengthened and improved. The domestic recycling system of waste metals in China lags behind. The main body of recycling is small and medium-sized enterprises, the links of distribution, processing and distribution are weak, and the degree of classification and pretreatment of raw materials is low, which is difficult to meet the needs of processing and Utilization Enterprises for the scale and quality of raw materials. In terms of imported raw materials, the varieties of renewable non-ferrous metal raw materials that can be imported need to be expanded. One belt, one road and other countries, has already built a dismantling and processing industrial base. But there is no demonstration of the city's international capacity cooperation park.
The level of key technologies needs to be further enhanced. The weak basic research of recycled non-ferrous metal industry leads to the lack of major key scientific and technological research capacity, the weak technology of chemical separation and graded utilization, and the lack of technical specifications for the resource and harmless disposal of recycled copper slag and recycled aluminum ash. The forward-looking research is insufficient, and the research on the recycling technology of nonferrous metal materials in the fields of national defense and military industry needs to be strengthened. Talent training and vocational skill upgrading can not keep up with the needs of industrial development. The R & D capacity of enterprises is far behind that of primary metal enterprises. On the whole, the product structure is single and the added value of products is not high.
Research ideas and key points of development strategy of renewable non-ferrous metal industry in the 14th five year plan
In order to play a greater role in ensuring national resources, helping to achieve the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutralization, and realizing the transformation of the industry from large to strong, the renewable metals branch combs out the research ideas and priorities of the industrial development strategy of the 14th five year plan for the problems restricting industrial development, and will take the lead in organizing all forces to continuously promote relevant work.
Strengthen top-level design and promote the further development of relevant support policies. Promote relevant departments to further clarify the industrial classification. Including: separate classification of resource recycling industry. It is suggested to revise the industrial classification of national economy (GB / t4754-2017) in due time, list recycled non-ferrous metals as a sub item of "42 comprehensive utilization of waste resources" and expand them appropriately, so as to provide basis for industrial policy, industrial statistics, discipline construction, talent training, etc.
Promote the adjustment of tax policies. It includes revising the catalogue of value added tax preferences for products and services for comprehensive utilization of resources, expanding the scope of the catalogue, and formulating notes to the catalogue, so as to create a policy environment for improving the recycling level of domestic raw materials.
Consolidate the guarantee of raw materials and promote the key links of recycling to improve quality and efficiency. Explore the construction of distribution, processing and distribution bases for recycled non-ferrous metal raw materials. Cultivate a number of processing and distribution enterprises with appropriate scale, promote the nearby agglomeration and sorting of waste non-ferrous metals, and promote the standardization of recycled non-ferrous metal raw materials, transaction standardization and connection with processing and utilization enterprises. On April 19, the branch organized a seminar on the construction of processing and distribution center for recycled copper and aluminum raw materials to listen to the opinions and suggestions of enterprises.
Expand the types of imported raw materials. Speed up raw material standards, strive for the import of recycled deformed aluminum alloy raw materials and some copper alloys (such as waste propeller made of nickel aluminum bronze, zinc white copper for pen refill, lead white copper processing surplus materials, etc.), establish a qualification certification system with foreign suppliers and domestic consignees, and improve the share and competitiveness of relevant manufacturing industries in the international market.
Strengthen overseas layout. City level city is one belt, one road, and the other is to build a renewable metal industrial park. Relying on these industrial parks, we will enhance the ability of overseas cities to transform their mineral resources into situ. The renewable non-ferrous metal industry will be included in the inter regional and inter national green industry government cooperation projects to ensure the stability of China's non-ferrous metal resources and supply chain.
Strengthen scientific and technological support and promote the improvement of basic research and innovation ability. Strengthen the research on peak carbon neutralization of industrial carbon. Including basic work such as industrial carbon emission data calculation and carbon emission reduction contribution calculation, so as to provide support and reserves for the renewable non-ferrous metal industry and enterprises to connect with the national, regional and non-ferrous metal industry carbon emission reduction targets and tasks.
Strengthen forward-looking research in key areas. Including promoting the research on the recycling of important urban mineral varieties such as new energy battery materials, scrapped aircraft, weapons and equipment materials and strategic metal national defense industrial products, and strengthening resource risk prevention and control.
Improve the level of key technologies and intelligence. Through sorting and batching automation, the smelting recovery rate and product quality are improved, and the utilization efficiency of recycled non-ferrous metals is enhanced. Focus on promoting the formulation of technical specifications for recycled aluminum ash disposal, technical specifications for recycled copper rod and industrial application of relevant technical equipment, and the development of recycled aluminum alloy and its application in new energy vehicles.
Strengthen talent training and promote the further improvement of employees' skills. Promote relevant departments to add types of recycled metal jobs in the code of occupational classification of the people's Republic of China, and carry out vocational skill training and vocational qualification certification. Accelerate the training of talents from various links of the industrial chain such as scientific and technological R & D, engineering design, equipment manufacturing, environmental protection technology, smelting and processing, quality control and intelligent automation, improve the overall level of employees, and promote the development of renewable non-ferrous metal industry.
Since the beginning of the 14th five year plan, the development situation of renewable non-ferrous metal industry has continued to improve. The proposal of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee proposed to improve resource utilization efficiency and speed up the construction of waste material recycling system. Ge Honglin, member of the Standing Committee of the CPPCC National Committee, Secretary of the Party committee and President of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, proposed to expand the utilization of recycled nonferrous metals and strive for a more advanced carbon peak in the industry. Many favorable factors drive the rapid growth of market demand for recycled non-ferrous metals. The author firmly believes that through the joint efforts of colleagues in the industry, the renewable non-ferrous metal industry will make new and greater contributions to the green low-carbon transformation and development of China's non-ferrous metal industry and carbon peak carbon neutralization（ The author is vice president and Secretary General of recycled metals branch of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association)
Source: regeneration branch
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